What do you understand by the word biochemistry?
Around 50 % zinc is eliminated from body through gestrointestinal tract.
Substantial amount of Zn is secreted through biliary and intestinal secretions, but most of zinc is reabsorbed.
Zinc is also secreted through urine and surface loses (skin peeling, hair and sweat)
Vitamin D is an essential neutrint for absorption of calcium and phosphorous in our body. Both calcium and phosphorous play vital role in growth of strong bones. It also improves the immune, digestive, circulatory and nerves system.
When human skin is exposed to sunlight, ultraviolet radiations B from sunlight provide sufficient energy to 7-dehydrocholestrol present in upper layer skin cells and convert it into previtamin D3. Then previtamin D3 is converted into vitamin D3 in lower layer of skin. Vitamin D3 is the natural form of vitamin D.
Answer
The branch of science that deals with study of compounds and their chemical reactions in living things is called biochemistry.
Breifly state the function of carbohydrates.
Main functions of carbohydrates are as follows.
i. These are main source of energy.
2.These spare protein to concentrate on building, repairing and maintenance of tissues.
3. These are necessary for proper fat metabolism in the body.
4. These are only source of energy for brain functioning.
5. Some carbohydrates also support the growth of healthy bacteria in intestines for digestion.
6. The carbohydrates rich in fibers help in preventing constipation and lower the risk for cancer and heart disease.
Also read:
In a range of 0-35 oC, the rate of reaction of an enzyme is proportional to temperature. Justify it.
How does a pH affect enzyme activity?
Describe lock and key mechanism of enzyme action.
Define co-factor and Co-enzyme.
The branch of science that deals with study of compounds and their chemical reactions in living things is called biochemistry.
Breifly state the function of carbohydrates.
Main functions of carbohydrates are as follows.
i. These are main source of energy.
2.These spare protein to concentrate on building, repairing and maintenance of tissues.
3. These are necessary for proper fat metabolism in the body.
4. These are only source of energy for brain functioning.
5. Some carbohydrates also support the growth of healthy bacteria in intestines for digestion.
6. The carbohydrates rich in fibers help in preventing constipation and lower the risk for cancer and heart disease.
Also read:
In a range of 0-35 oC, the rate of reaction of an enzyme is proportional to temperature. Justify it.
How does a pH affect enzyme activity?
Describe lock and key mechanism of enzyme action.
Define co-factor and Co-enzyme.
Question Explain the structural components of DNA and RNA.
Answer
Both DNA and RNA are made up of polymeric chains of nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three components.
1. a nitrogeneous base
2. a pentose sugar
3. a phosphate group.
Nitrogeneous base
Nitrogeneous base is an organic molecule attached with a pentose sugar, which is further attached with one or more phosphates group. In DNA, four nitrogen bases are Adenine, Guanine, cytosine and Thiamine while in RNA, four base are Adenine, Guanine, Uracil and Cytosine.
Pentose sugar
In DNA, Pentose sugar is deoxyribose while in RNA pentose suager is ribose.
Phosphate group
Phosphate group is attached with hydroxyl group bonded with C-5' of one pentose sugar and hydroxyl group of C-3' of pentose sugar of next nucleotide.
Both DNA and RNA are made up of polymeric chains of nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three components.
1. a nitrogeneous base
2. a pentose sugar
3. a phosphate group.
Nitrogeneous base
Nitrogeneous base is an organic molecule attached with a pentose sugar, which is further attached with one or more phosphates group. In DNA, four nitrogen bases are Adenine, Guanine, cytosine and Thiamine while in RNA, four base are Adenine, Guanine, Uracil and Cytosine.
Pentose sugar
In DNA, Pentose sugar is deoxyribose while in RNA pentose suager is ribose.
Phosphate group
Phosphate group is attached with hydroxyl group bonded with C-5' of one pentose sugar and hydroxyl group of C-3' of pentose sugar of next nucleotide.
Question Define lipids and state the difference between fat and oil.
Answer
Lipids
The organic compounds which are soluble in non polar solvent and insoluble in polar solvent are known as lipids.
Fats
1. They are found in animal body, especially under the skin or around the organ.
2. They are saturated fatty acids or their derivatives.
3. They are solid at room temperature.
4. They increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
5. Examples:meat, butter, cream, etc.
Oils
They are found in plants, especially in fruits and seeds of plants.
2. They are unsaturated fatty acids or their derivatives.
3. They are liquid at room temperature.
4. They lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.
5. Examples:olive oil, soeabean oil, Coconut oil, corn oil, etc.
The organic compounds which are soluble in non polar solvent and insoluble in polar solvent are known as lipids.
Fats
1. They are found in animal body, especially under the skin or around the organ.
2. They are saturated fatty acids or their derivatives.
3. They are solid at room temperature.
4. They increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
5. Examples:meat, butter, cream, etc.
Oils
They are found in plants, especially in fruits and seeds of plants.
2. They are unsaturated fatty acids or their derivatives.
3. They are liquid at room temperature.
4. They lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.
5. Examples:olive oil, soeabean oil, Coconut oil, corn oil, etc.
Question: Name the different routes for the loss of Zn from human body.
Answer
Around 50 % zinc is eliminated from body through gestrointestinal tract.
Substantial amount of Zn is secreted through biliary and intestinal secretions, but most of zinc is reabsorbed.
Zinc is also secreted through urine and surface loses (skin peeling, hair and sweat)
Question: Breifly state how vitamin D is formed in our body?
Answer
When human skin is exposed to sunlight, ultraviolet radiations B from sunlight provide sufficient energy to 7-dehydrocholestrol present in upper layer skin cells and convert it into previtamin D3. Then previtamin D3 is converted into vitamin D3 in lower layer of skin. Vitamin D3 is the natural form of vitamin D.
Question: Breifly state why minerals are important for human life.
Answer
Those elements which are essential for our body to sustain and develop its normal function are called minerals. These elements are apart from four major structural elements which are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Major minerals in our body are Calcium, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc.
Hence, minerals are elements and can not be synthesized in our bodies. Therefore, these are taken in diet and water.
About 90 % of calcium is present in bones and teeth and makes up about 1.5 % body weight. Phosphorous is also component of bones and contributes about 1% of body weight. Other major elements ( K, Na, Cl, Mg and Zn) make body weight upto 0.85%.
Potassium is an essential electrolyte for regulating ATP. It's deficiency causes hypoclamia. Sodium is also an essential for regulating ATP and its deficiency causes hyponatramia. Chlorine is required for production of hydrochloric acid in stomach.
Magnesium is needed for bones and ATP processing. Zinc is essential for various enzymes and immune function.
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