All Students Notes

Alkyl halide: Primary, secondary, tertiary alkyl halide, Nucleophilic substitution reaction, elimination reactions,  factors which affect the reactivity of alkyl halides Question: What are primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halide? Answer.  Primary alkyl halide:  An alkyl halide in which a halogen atom(F, Cl, Br or I) is directly bonded with primary carbon (carbon that is bonded with one or no other carbon atom), is called primary alkyl halide. e.g.,    Secondary alkyl halide:   An alkyl halide in which a halogen atom(F, Cl, Br or I) is directly bonded with secondary carbon  (carbon that is bonded with two other carbon atoms), is called secondary alkyl halide. e.g., Tertiary alkyl halide:  An alkyl halide in which a halogen atom(F, Cl, Br or I) is directly bonded with tertiary carbon (carbon that is bonded with three other carbon atoms), is called tertiary alkyl halide  e.g.,  Question: What are Nucleophilic substitution reaction or ...

Question 5: what are elimination reactions? Answer . The chemical reaction in which two substituents are eliminated from a molecule is called elimination reaction. Question 6. What factors decide the reactivity of alkyl halides? Answer : The are two main factors which determine the reactivity of alkyl halides. 1. Bond polarity Alkyl halides have polarised bonds due to higher electronegativities of halogens. This results in electron deficient (electrophilic) carbon and electron rich (nucleophilc) halogen.  Following bond polarity, reactivity order of alky halide is RF>RCl>RBr>RI 2. Bond energy Bond energy of carbon - halogen bond depends upon bond strength of C-X bond. The  carbon fluorine bond is the strongest among carbon halogen bonds. Hence, C-F is highly stable and least reactive. On the other hand, carbon iodine bond is the weakest bond among carbon halogen bonds. Hence, C-I bond is less stable and more reactive. Following bond polarity, reactivity orde...