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Alkyl Halides and Amines

Question 5: what are elimination reactions?
Answer. The chemical reaction in which two substituents are eliminated from a molecule is called elimination reaction.

Question 6. What factors decide the reactivity of alkyl halides?
Answer:
The are two main factors which determine the reactivity of alkyl halides.
1. Bond polarity
Alkyl halides have polarised bonds due to higher electronegativities of halogens. This results in electron deficient (electrophilic) carbon and electron rich (nucleophilc) halogen.  Following bond polarity, reactivity order of alky halide is RF>RCl>RBr>RI
2. Bond energy
Bond energy of carbon - halogen bond depends upon bond strength of C-X bond. The  carbon fluorine bond is the strongest among carbon halogen bonds. Hence, C-F is highly stable and least reactive. On the other hand, carbon iodine bond is the weakest bond among carbon halogen bonds. Hence, C-I bond is less stable and more reactive. Following bond polarity, reactivity order of alkyl halides is RI>RBr>RCl>RF.
Among these two factors, bond energy of carbon - halogen bond has main role on the reactivity of alkyl halides and overall reactivity order of RX is:
RI>RBr>RCl>RF.

Question 7: What are diazonium salts?
Answer: Diazonium salts are organic compounds having general formula of RN2+X-, where R can be alkyl or aryl group and X can be organic or inorganic anion such as halogen.

Question 8: How can nucleophilc addition of a primary amine giving an imine?
Answer: 
RNH2 + R-CHO - - - - - > R-CH(OH) - NHR - - > RCH=NR

Question 9: Amines are more basic than analogues alcohols, why?
Answer:
Amines are more basic than analogues alcohols. This is because nitrogen in an amine is relatively less electronegative and firlmy holds positive charge of it conjugate acid. Hence, conjugate acid of amine is stable, so amines are stronger base.
On the other hand, oxygen in alcohol is relatively more electronegative and cannot hold positive charge as much as stronger than nitrogen. As a result, conjugate base of alcohol is lesser stable, so alcohol is a weaker base.

Question 10: How tertiary alcohols are obtained from RMgX?
Answer:
Tertiary alcohol are obtained by treating RMgX with ketones. The e. g.

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  1. UnknownApril 17, 2020 at 8:09 PM

    What is the difference between fusion and fission?

    ReplyDelete
  2. AuthorOctober 25, 2020 at 7:15 AM

    In fusion reaction, two small nuclie combine to form a single nucleus while in fission reaction a heavy nucleus is broken down into small nuclie.

    ReplyDelete

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