Organic Compounds

Question 1: What is functional group?
Answer.

An atom or group of atoms, double bond or triple bond, whose presence in a molecule gives its characteristics physical and chemical properties is called functional group.
Examples:-Cl, -Br, - I, OH, double bond, triple bond etc.

Question 2: What is difference between partial and total synthesis of organic compound?

Answer. Organic compounds can be synthesized by partial synthesis and total synthesis.
Partial synthesis
The process in which organic compounds can be synthesized from natural product (coal, gas, petroleum) or an intermediate product is called partial synthesis. For example, when a carboxylic acid is obtained from oxidation of aldehyde instead of alkane or alcohol.
R-CHO + [O] - - - - - - - - - > RCOOH
Total synthesis
The process in which organic compounds can be synthesized from a cheap and easily available product through several steps is called total synthesis of organic compounds. For example, when a carboxylic acid is obtained from oxidation alkane.

R-CH3 + [O] - - - - - - - - - > RCH2OH
R-CH2OH + [O] - - - - - - - - - > RCHO
R-CHO + [O] - - - - - - - - - > RCOOH

Question 3:How organic compounds are derived by fermentation process?
Answer.
The process in which a reactant is converted into product through action of microorganism (enzyme) is called fermentation process.
Example: conversion of sugar (sucrose) into alcohol in the presence of yeast.

Question 4: What is name of new allotrpic form of carbon. Give its definition.
Answer.
A new allotrpic forms of carbon are called bucky balls (fluorenes). Buckyballs contain carbon atoms and each carbon is bonded with three other carbon atoms through covelent bonds. The most common form of buckyballs consist of sixty carbon also known as C-60 in hollw shape.

Question 5: What is the homologous series?
Answer.

Homologous series is a series of compounds which have same functional group and chemical properties differing from adjacent member by CH2 unit.
Alkane with general formula CnH2n+2, alkene with general formula CnH2n and alkyne with general formula of CnH2n-2are most commom examples of homologous series.
Question 6: How sulphur can be detected in organic compounds?
Answer.

Following steps are involved in detection of sulphur in organic compound.
1. Sulphur present in organic compounds, can be converted into sodium sulphide on fusion with sodium metal.
2. Sodium sulphide is extractrated with water and acidified with acetic acid that converts sodium sulphide into H2S gas.
3.Then solution is boiled to expel H2S gas that turns lead acetate paper into black indicating the presence of sulphur.

Chemistry
Na + S - - - - - - - - - - > Na2S
Na2S + CH3COOH - -- - - - > H2S + CH3COONa
H2S + Pb(CH3COO)2 - - - - - > PbS (Black)+ CH3COOH

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