Chapter 4(2)

Self assessment exercise 4.2
1. Describe the formation of cation for the following metal items a lithium atomic number 3 e b aluminium atomic number 13 to represent the formation of cations for the following metal atoms using electron dot structure of Potassium B calcium
Example for party describe the formation of anion for the following non metal atoms a oxygen atomic number 8 B chlorine atomic number 9
Solution

A formation of energy by oxygen atom oxygen belongs to to group 6 in the periodic table it has 6 electron in its valence shell it requires only two electrons to achieve the noble gas configuration
O(1S2,2S2,2P4) + 2e---------->O  (1S2,2S2,2P6)
Can also be represented by electron dot structure

B. Formation of anion by fluoride atom fluorine atom
Is fluorine is present in group seventh pay in the table so it has 7 electron in its valence shell of an atom therefore require only one electron to complete its Update
F(1S2,2S2,2P5) + 2e>F(1S2,2S2,2P6)
This can be represented by electron dot structure

Self assessment exercise 4.3 Describe the formation of anions by following non metals sulphur atomic number 16 the chlorine atom atomic number 17 to

2. represent the formation of anion by following non metals using electron dot structures a nitrogen Phosphorus seeber rameen DH
Example 4.4 represent ionic bond formation for each of the following pair of atoms use electron dot and cross structure to write the equation for formation of ionic compound
A. Na and Cl   B. Mg and F

Solution
A. Sodium is a metal and chlorine is a nonmetal has metal atom have tendency to to lose electron and non metal atom have tendency to gain electrons to gain configuration of nearest noble gas. The sodium has only one electron in its valence shell it loses one electron to form Na+1 Since, chlorine atom has 7 electron and  it requires one electron to complete configuration of nearest gas noble gas so it gains one electron to form chloride ion for every Sodium and you need 1 chloride ion.

Solution
B. Magnesium is a metal and fluorine is a non-metal. The metal atom has tendency to to lose electron and non metal atom have tendency to gain electrons to gain configuration of nearest noble gas. The Magnesium has two electrons in its valence shell it loses two electrons to form Mg+2 Since, fluorine atom has 7 electron and  it requires one electron to complete configuration of nearest gas noble gas so it gains one electron to form chloride ion for every magnesium, two fluorine atoms.