Atomic orbital: Discriptive queston

Question: The magnetic quantum number gives us the orientation of orbital in space. Justify it.
Answer: The magnetic quantum number tells us the number of different ways in which a given subshell can be arranged along x, y, and Z-axes in the presence of magnetic field. Number of possible orientations for a subshell in space is determined by value of ‘m’ for that subshell.
In case of s-subshell, l = 0 and m = 0, it means s-orbital has only one space orientation.
For p-subshell, l = 1 , m = 0, ± 1. This indicates that there are three space orientations for p-Subshell and can be arranged along x, y and z-axis. 
For d-subshell, l = 2, m = 0, ± 1, ± 2. It indicates that d-subshell has five space orientations. The orbital dxy is between x and y axes, dyz is between y and z axes, and orbital dyz between y and z axes. 
For f-subshell, l = 3, m = 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3. It shows that f-subshell  has complicated orientations. 

Question: What is (n+l) is urle? Arrange the orbitals according to this rule. Do you think that this rule is applicable to degenerate orbitals? 
Answer: According to this rule, subshells are arranged in the increasing order of (n+l) values and if any two subshells have same (n+l) values, then that subshell is placed first whose 'n' value is the smaller. Arrangement of subshells in ascending order of their energy is given as follows: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p so on. In this order two subshells '2p' and '3s' have same n+l values i.e. 3, but '2p' is placed first because of its smaller 'n' value. This rule is not valid for degenerate orbitals.

Question: Define Hund’s rule?
Answer: According to this rule, if degenerate orbitals are available and more than one electrons are to be placed in separate orbitals with the same spin rather than putting them in the same spins. According to this rule, two electrons in 2p atomic orbital will be distributed as follows. 6C = 1s^(↓↑), 2s^(↓↑), 2px^(↑), 2py^(↑), 2pz^(↑). 

Question: State the Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule. 
Answer: According to Pauli’s principle no two electrons in an atom can have same set of four quautum number. Or Two electron in the same orbital should have same spin(↓↑). 

Question: What will be the position of electron in an atom when (n + ) value is same for two subshells? 
Answer: The electron will be accommodated in that orbital whose ‘n’ value is smaller. 

Question: How defects of Bohr’s model are partially covered by dual nature of electron and Heisenberg uncertainty principle? 
Answer: Bohr’s atomic picture is unsatisfactory. Because according to Bohr’s atomic model, an electron is a material particle and is moving with specific velocity in orbit of specific radius. So, position and momentum can be determined with great accuracy. However, due to wave nature of electron and Heisenberg uncertainty principle, both momentum and position of electron can’t be determined experimentally. In order to solve this difficulty, Schrodinger set up a wave equation for hydrogen atom due to wave nature of electron. According to Schrodinger, although the position of electron cannot be found exactly, but probability of finding electron at a certain distance can be found. 

QUESTION: What is difference between orbit and orbital? 
Answer: The orbit is fixed path around the nucleus of atom, where the electrons moves, where as the orbital also known as electron clouds, is a volume of space around the nucleus where the possibility of electron is 95%.

Question: Draw the shapes of S, P, and d orbitals. Justify these by keeping in view the azimuthal and magnetic quantum number.