Structural formulas and condensed Structural formula of organic compounds

 Structural formula and condensed Structural formula of organic compounds 

Structural formula

A formula that describes arrangement of atoms in a molecule is called as Structural formula.

For example, 

Condensed Structural formula:

A formula that uses established abbreviations for various groups of carbon chain. 

For example,  

Name       Molecular formula        Condensed formula 

Bttane     C4H10                              CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 

Pentane   C5H12                          CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Hexane    C6H14                       CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Heptane   C7H16                    CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Octane      C8H18                  CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

None         C9H20                CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Decade    C10H22            CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons whose carbon- carbon bonds are all single bonds are called saturated Hydrocarbons.

 Saturated Hydrocarbons are also called alkane.  In alkanes, each carbon atom is bonded with four other atoms. Simplest example of saturated Hydrocarbons is methane. The general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2

Where n = number of carbon atoms.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

The hydrocarbons  containing at least one carbon- carbon multiple bond are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.

For example 

CH2=CH2     CH3-CH=CH2,      

Ethene           Propene                 Ethyne 

Unsaturated hydrocarbon are further divided into : 

I. Alkene

ii. Alkynes

Alkenes

Unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond are called  alkenes.

 They have genral formula of CnH2n.

For example,    ethene, Propene, butane etc

Alkynrs

Unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon tripple bond are called alkenes.

 They have genral formula of CnH2n-2.

For example, ethyne, Propyne, butyne etc