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Metallurgy, minerals, ores, and Gangue: Definition and example

Question: Define following terms.   
 i. Minerals     ii. Ore       iii. Gangue 

Answer. 
Minerals The naturally occurring metallic compounds are called minerals.
For example Iron is found naturally as hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). Here, hematite and magnetite are minerals of Iron. 

Ore A solid deposit containing sufficient percentage of a mineral from which extraction of metal is convenient and economical is called an ore. 

Gangue The debris, such as sand, rock and clay attached with the mineral is known as grange. 

Question: What is metallurgy? Enlist main steps involved in metallurgy. 
Answer. 
Metallurgy The process of separating a metal from its ore and preparing it for use is called metallurgy. The main steps in metallurgy are given as follows. 
1. Mining
2. Crushing, grinding or pulverizing of ore 
3. Concentration of the ore 
4. Extraction of metal 
5. Refining of metals


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