Structural formula and condensed Structural formula of organic compounds
Structural formula
A formula that describes arrangement of atoms in a molecule is called as Structural formula.
For example,
Condensed Structural formula:
A formula that uses established abbreviations for various groups of carbon chain.
For example,
Name Molecular formula Condensed formula
Bttane C4H10 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Pentane C5H12 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Hexane C6H14 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Heptane C7H16 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Octane C8H18 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
None C9H20 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Decade C10H22 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons whose carbon- carbon bonds are all single bonds are called saturated Hydrocarbons.
Saturated Hydrocarbons are also called alkane. In alkanes, each carbon atom is bonded with four other atoms. Simplest example of saturated Hydrocarbons is methane. The general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2
Where n = number of carbon atoms.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
The hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon- carbon multiple bond are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.
For example
CH2=CH2 CH3-CH=CH2,
Ethene Propene Ethyne
Unsaturated hydrocarbon are further divided into :
I. Alkene
ii. Alkynes
Alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond are called alkenes.
They have genral formula of CnH2n.
For example, ethene, Propene, butane etc
Alkynrs
Unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon tripple bond are called alkenes.
They have genral formula of CnH2n-2.
For example, ethyne, Propyne, butyne etc
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