Proteins: Definition, Functions Sources and Uses

Definition:

Proteins are complex nitrogenous compounds that produce amino acids on complete hydrolysis.

Functions:

Proteins have many functions in the human body. For example,

1. They transport and store Oxygen and nutrients.

2. The act as catalyst for the thousands of reaction that take place in the body to make life possible.

3. They regulate many important systems in our bodies.

Amino acid as building block

Building blocks of all proteins are are the proteins, therefore on hydrolysis, all proteins produce amino acids on hydrolysis. An amino acid has two functional groups.

There are twenty different amino acids which are involved in proteins synthesis. Out of twenty amino acids, our body can synthesis only ten amino acids. These amino acids are called essential amino acids. The remaining amino acids which our body cannot synthesis is called essential amino acids.

An amino acid has two functional groups: amino group and carboxylic group.

Molecules of amino acids are joined together through amino group (-NH2) of one molecule and carboxylic group (-COOH) of other molecule with loss of water 💧 molecule.

Sources of Proteins

Most of proteins obtained from animal sources contain all the essential amino acids in adequate amounts. For example, meat, fish, eggs, milk and cheese are important sources of Proteins.

Plants also provide us proteins. For example, pulses, beans,etc are rich sources of Proteins.

Uses

We require in our diet, to provide amino acids to make muscles, hair, enzymes and repair the body tissues.

Proteins are essential for the formation of protoplasm and components of cells.

Proteins are essential for physical and mental growth especially in children.

A proteins knows as gelatin is obtained by heating bones and tendons in water. It is used in bakery products.

Enzymes are proteins that catalyse specific biological reactions without which life be not possible.

Antibodies are also proteins that help us to fight against the diseases.

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