Organic Chemistry:Sources and uses of organic Compounds

Organic Chemistry:Sources and uses of organic Compounds

The major commercial sources of alkane are called natural gas Petroleum and living organisms.

Coal

Coal is a source of many organic compounds. When coal is heated in the absence of air and high temperature it is converted into coal gas, coal torr and coke. This process is called destructive distillation.

Coal gas contains methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases . it is mainly used as a fuel in industry.

Coke is a source of many organic compound such as benzene and its derivatives. These compound can be separated by fraction distillation there are very useful substances in synthetic organic chemistry. These are used in synthesis of plastic dyes paints, drug, varnishs, The residue left behind is called pitch is used to metal road and roofs.

coal is also used as a solid fuel.

Natural gas

Natural gas is a mixture of low boiling hydrocarbons. Major portion of natural gas is methane gas. It also contains a small amount of ethane, propane and butane.

Petroleum

Petroleum contains a wide variety of alkanes including those having a long chains of hydrocarbons. On fractional distillation, various fractions of hydrocarbons can be separated. Each fraction is a mixture of various organic compounds that boil in range of temperature.

Living organism

Many important organic compounds such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, drugs, and medicines are obtained from plants (🪴 💐 🌽 🍎 🍓) and animals. (🐃 🦬 🐃 🐄, 🐑 ).

Synthesis in Laboratory

Overtime million organic compounds have been prepared in the Laboratories they are being used in medicine cosmetics💄 paints 🎨 plastics fertilizer detergents etc.

Uses

1. Natural gas and petroleum are used primarily as fuel they are also used as starting material for the production of variety of organic compounds.

2. Propane and butane which are gases obtained from natural gas are widely available as liquids in fuel cylinders LPG.

3. Ethylene is a major starting material for the manufacturing of organic chemicals and products such as polythylene (plastic) ethylene glycol (antifreezing agent), ethyl alcohol, acetic acid etc.

4. Acetylene is widely used in the oxy-acetylene welding and cutting metals.

5. Acetylene is also used in preparation of polymers like PVC (polyvinyl chloride), pva (polyvinyl acetate), synthetic rubber, nylon etc.

6. Acetylene is also used for artificial reopening of fruits 🥭.

7. Compounds of phenols are used as antiseptics in hospital 🏥 operation rooms.

8. Methanol is used as solvent for fats, oils, paints and warnishes.

9. Many organic compounds are used in manufacturing of drugs, dyes, cosmetics 💄, detergents and soaps 🧼, nylon, emulsions and paints 🎨 etc.

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