Organic Chemistry: Organic compounds and their general characteristics

Organic compounds and their general characteristics

Organic Compounds:

The hydrocarbons and their derivatives are called Organic compounds.

Question: Why is there chemical diversity and magnitude of organic compounds?

Answer.

Chemical diversity and magnitude of organic compounds arise due to following properties of organiccompounds.

1. Catenatination

2. Isomerism

3. Formation of multiple bonds

1. Catenatination

A carbon atom has ability to make bond with other carbon atoms. This self linking property of carbon is called catenatination. Due to this property, carbon forms almost infinite ♾️ number of organic compounds of various size, shapes and structures.

2. Isomerism

The compounds that have same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in their molecules are called isomers and this phenomenon is called iisomerism.

For example, molecular formula of n-butane and iso-butane is same but arrangement of atoms are different. So both are isomers of each other.

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 (n-butane( and CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3 ( iso-butane)

As carbon atoms increase, the number of isotopes also increase.

Isomerism is an other reason for large number of organic compounds.

3. Formation of multiple bonds

Carbon can also form stable single and multiple bond with itself as well as with other atoms like O, N, S etc. Due to formation of multiple bonds, they form many common groups of atoms which are called functional groups. This further increases the number of organic compounds. That is why over 95% of 20 million compounds are compounds of carbon.

General Characteristics of organic compounds

I. Occrance.

Most of the organic compound come from living organism are from the things that were once living.

ii. Covalent nature

Organic compound are generally covelent in nature and they may have polar and nonpolar covalent bond.

iii. Composition

Organic compounds are mainly composed of carbon element hydrogen is also frequently present inorganic compounds other elements like oxygen nitrogen sulphur phosphorus and halogen are present in many organic compounds

iv. Melting and boiling points

Generally organic compound arevaladial so they have low melting and boiling points.

v. Solubility

Organic compounds are mostly nonpolar and nature therefore they are soluble and organic solvent such as Ether benzene carbon dioxide etc polar organic compound are soluble and polar solvent such as alcohol methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol

vi. Similarity in behaviour

A Series of compounds in which any two adjacent members differ by CH2 units is called homologous series or homologs and this property is known as homology.

They are exist a closed relationship between different organic compound this similarity in behaviour has made the study of million of organic compound easier. Therefore they can be divided into different families and Groups.

vii. Reaction rate

Organic compound are generally less stable than inorganic compounds due to covalent burning in them the reaction rate are often slow.

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